Ionic and covalent compounds overview the two main types of chemical compounds are ionic and covalent compounds. Chemical bonding ionic and covalent compounds metals and nonmetals metals are elements that have a tendency to lose electrons and form positively charged ions or cations. Aug 07, 2017 this chemistry video tutorial explains the process of naming covalent molecular compounds with prefixes. Comparison of properties of ionic and covalent compounds, ionic and covalent bonding. Since we use different methods in naming binary covalent molecular compounds and ionic compounds, the first step in naming or writing the formula of a compound is to determine which of the 2 compound classes it belongs. The classification of a compound depends on the type of chemical bond between the elements in the compound. Properties of ionic and covalent compounds a plus topper. In covalent compounds, though, nonmetals can sometimes combine in multiple ways carbon monoxide.
This is the main difference between ionic and covalent compounds. On the left side, place the letters of the statements that are only true of ionic compounds. In forming compounds atoms lose, gain or share electrons to attain a noble gas configuration with 8 electrons in their outer shell s2p6, except h and he want 2 outer electrons 1s2. Draw a diagram to show the electron arrangement in a carbon atom. Go through the check list and mark each row as b, d, or a based on your level of understanding. The relative formula massmr of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula. In those cases, electron transfer occurs between more than one atom. Ionic compounds are generally made up of what kind of elements a metal and a nonmetal 2. Made of cations and anions metals and nonmetals the electrons lost by the cation are gained by the anion the cation and anions surround each other smallest ratio of ions in an ionic compound is a formula unit. Ionic bonding results from attractive interactions from oppositely charged ions. Ionic and covalent bonds project201415 yav science.
Dec 02, 2017 ionic bond in which one atom completely shares an electron with another does not exist. Lab properties of ionic and covalent compounds purpose to distinguish between ionic and molecular compounds based on their physical properties. There are two types of structure, giant structure, and simple molecular structure. Characteristics of ionic and covalent compounds sciencing. Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. Ceramics ceramic materials are nonmetallic inorganic compounds formed from metallic al, mg, na, ti, w or semimetallic. Covalent and ionic naming worksheets teaching resources tpt.
Ionic solids ionic solids are solids composed of ionic particles ions. Covalent compounds covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals and so dont follow the normal ionic rules. Since we use different methods in naming binary covalent molecular compounds and ionic compounds, the first step in naming or writing the formula of a. This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to identify a bond as an ionic bond, polar covalent bond, or a nonpolar covalent bond. These chemical bonds are of two basic types ionic and covalent. Positive and negative ions are attracted to each other, repelled by same charge this results in a crystal lattice. How is ionic bonding different from covalent bonding. Metal atoms become positively charged ions when electrons move. For example, most carbonbased compounds are covalently bonded but can also be partially ionic.
Covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons, while metallic bonds have strong attractions and ionic bonds involve the transferring and accepting of electrons from the valence shell. This is because they are bonds between carbon and hydrogen, such as methane with a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms, neither of which is a metal. Results for ionic and covalent worksheet answers pdf. Some ionic compounds have different numbers of cations and anions. Writing names and formulas describes how to write names and formulas for ionic compounds and covalent compounds. The ability of the o atom to form two bonds in compounds, covalent or ionic, is expressed. You can tell if a compound is covalent because it has prefixes modifying the species names. For each of the following questions, determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent and write the appropriate formula for it. How are ionic and covalent compounds formed worksheets. Because most ionic compounds can only form one way, using the oxidation numbers. Are the elements in the covalent compounds metals, nonmetals, or a mixture of both. Similarities between ionic bonds and covalent bonds. They are very different types of compounds with distinct attributes.
Molecules, compounds, and chemical equations chapter 3. Ionic compounds tend to be brittle, have high melting points. To perform the activity, students make careful observations of the physical prop. Recall that covalent compounds are those that involve more than one atom bonded together by the sharing of electrons. Basic ionic formula worksheet answers discrete mathematics for computer science solutions, dmv portuguese written test, dna rna protein.
Nomenclature for covalent and ionic compounds nomenclature is the systematic naming of compounds so that the numbers and types of elements or ions present in the compound are communicated. Compound or element what does the first element do with its electrons. Covalent bond occurs between the two nonmetals, metallic bond occurs between two metals and the ionic bond occurs between the metal and the nonmetal. In contrast, ionic compounds contain cations and anions rather than discrete neutral molecules. What happens when sugar and salt are added to water. Steps to naming ionic and covalent compounds owlcation. Ionic compounds are formed when atoms donate or take electrons from one another, forming cations positive ions and anions negative ions that stick to each other. Then, use the correct formula writing rules to write the correct chemical formulas for each compound. I can correctly name ionic, metallic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds exist as crystal lattice, which is a network of anions and cations held together by electrostatic forces. Ionic covalent compound naming solutions 1 na 2 co 3 sodium carbonate 2 p 2 o 5 diphosphorus pentoxide 3 nh 3 ammonia 4 feso 4 iron ii sulfate 5 sio 2 silicon dioxide 6 gacl 3 gallium chloride 7 cobr 2 cobalt ii bromide 8 b 2 h 4 diboron tetrahydride 9 co carbon monoxide 10 p 4 phosphorus 11 dinitrogen trioxide n 2 o 3 12. Compounds made up of atoms of two or more different elements molecular e. Bonding ionic, covalent, polarity, molecular geometry, properties of ionic and molecular compoundsthis bundle includes 5 homework assignments that reinforce the following objectives. First, identify whether these compounds are ionic or covalent.
The following diagram shows the formation of magnesium bromide from two bromine atoms and one magnesium atom. Polar covalent is the intermediate type of bonding between the two extremes. These ions are held together in a regular array by ionic bonding. Ionic or covalent compound name 21 cdbr 2 22 crcr 2o 7 3 23 sbr 2 24 nh 4. We use the term to describe the smallest whole number ratio of ions in the crystal lattice.
List the four major differences between ionic and covalent. Aug 12, 2019 binary ionic compounds are between a metal and nonmetal. This video contains plenty of examples and practice problems on the nomenclature of binary. Basic concepts of chemical bonding lamar university. Formulas and nomenclature of ionic and covalent compounds. Naming compounds tutorial and worksheet since we use different methods in naming binary covalent molecular compounds and ionic compounds, the first step in naming or writing the formula of a compound is to determine which of the 2 compound classes it belongs. Chemical bonding practice worksheet answers from ionic and covalent bonds worksheet answers, source. Covalent compounds are formed when two atoms share pairs of electrons. Section 1 ionic and covalent compounds key concept the properties of ionic compounds are different from the properties of covalent compounds. Describe the type of bonding that occurs in the compound. Determine if the elements in the following compounds are metals or nonmetals. Write the formula and predict whether each of the following is principally ionic or covalent by circling i or c.
Metal and nonmetal 2 nonmetals 3 or more elements polyatomic compound covalent compound ionic compound use greek prefixes put prefixes in front of element names to tell how many atoms are there. This ionic and covalent compounds lab is designed to be a simple and easy investigation that lets students observe the chemical and physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds using basic chemistry techniques. Dont use mono for first name, but always for second name. Elements combine to form compounds two general types molecular compounds covalent bonding electron sharing atoms linked together by covalent bonds in discrete electrically neutral particles called molecules. Covalent compounds can exist in solid, liquid or gaseous state, have low melting and boiling points, have poor electrical conductivities in all phases, and are more. As mentioned above, ionic compounds are a result of electrostatic forces between atoms that get attracted towards each other due to the possession of opposite electrical charges. List the four major differences between ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds conduct electricity for a material to conduct an electric current, there must be charged particles that can move. Chlorine makes ionic compounds in which the chloride ion always has a 1. Electrons are transferred to achieve noble gas configuration. Ions and ionic compounds elements combine in a specific ratio to form compounds. Positive and negative ions are packed into a regular, repeating pattern that balances the attraction and repulsion between ions. In covalent compounds, electrons are shared between bonded atoms and are simultaneously attracted to more than one nucleus.
These species tell you exactly how many atoms are in the covalent compound. Some elements, especially transition metals, can form ions with different charges. Ionic compounds are usually formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal or a polyatomic ion. Mixed ionic and covalent naming worksheet and answers. Mixed ionic covalent compound naming for each of the following questions, determine whether the compound is ionic or. The rules are simple, name the cation first and the anion second, giving the anion the ide suffix.
In general, metallic elements tend to form ionic compounds, and nonmetallic elements end to form covalent bonds. Youll know for certain that you are dealing with a molecular compound if only nonmetals are present to name a covalent compound, you need the molecular formula, knowledge of the prefixes used for naming, and a way to look up the name of an element. Since we use different methods in naming binary covalent. Covalent or molecular compounds form when elements share electrons in a covalent. Ionic bonds result from transfer of electrons, whereas covalent bonds are formed by sharing. Zoom in to see how different sugar and salt compounds dissolve. Covalent compounds ionic compounds composed of simple molecules a have high melting.
Many compounds, especially those discussed in general chemistry courses, are classified as either covalent compounds or ionic compounds. If you dont have ms word, you can download the latest version of the adobe acrobat reader for free by clicking here. Ionic or covalent chemical formula 1 copper ii chlorite. The giant structure can be divided into three, giant ionic, giant covalent and giant metallic structure.
Naming covalent compounds worksheet naming binary covalent. Ionic compounds are mostly crystalline solids, have high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity when melted, and many are soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquids. Pour in sugar, shake in salt, and evaporate water to see the effects on concentration and conductivity. How to name covalent molecular compounds the easy way. Table compares and contrasts the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Displaying all worksheets related to ionic and covalent compounds. Covalent and ionic compounds can be differentiated easily because of their different physical properties based on the nature of their bonding.
Oct 27, 2015 this is the main difference between ionic and covalent compounds. You can recognize ionic compounds because they consist of a metal bonded to a nonmetal. What you will learn the physical properties of a compound are determined by the type of bonding in the compound. Properties of ionic and covalent compounds ionic and covalent compounds differ in their properties because the particles in each of these two compounds are held together by different types of chemical bonds. Pdf a definition for the covalent and ionic bond index in a molecule. Writing naming formulas for ionic covalent compounds hs ps1 1. Introduction chemical compounds are combinations of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Worksheets are covalent compound naming work, naming ionic compounds practice work, since we use different methods in naming binary covalent, properties of ionic and covalent compounds, naming covalent compounds work, covalent, mixed ionic covalent naming. Ionic compounds contain both cations and anions in a ratio that results in no net electrical charge. Some of the worksheets below are how are ionic and covalent compounds formed worksheets. Covalent or molecular compounds form when elements share electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules. Covalent compounds and ionic compounds tarsia puzzles mixed bundle contains two different products that may be purchased separately and 1 product that is only included in this bundle. Omit energetics of ionic bond formation omit bornhaber cycle 2. The atoms of covalent materials are bound tightly to each other in stable. Covalent compounds are generally made up of what kind of elements two nonmetals 3. This chemistry video tutorial explains the process of naming covalent molecular compounds with prefixes.
Explain how ionic and covalent bonding occurswrite dot diagrams for elements in the s and p blocksdetermine the n. Nomenclature of ionic, covalent, and acid compounds. Then, use the correct naming rules to write the correct names for each compound. Ionic bonds form between two atoms that have different electronegativity values.
Because the ability to attract electrons is so different between the atoms, its like one atom donates its electron to the other atom in the chemical bond. On the right side, place the letters of the statements that are only true of covalent compounds. Lewis symbols, the octet rule, energy considerations of ionic compounds. Ionic bond in which one atom completely shares an electron with another does not exist. As mentioned above, ionic compounds are a result of electrostatic forces between atoms that get attracted towards each other due to the. For each of the following questions, determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent and name it appropriately. Most of the elements in ionic compounds form an ion that has a characteristic charge.
Characteristics of covalent and ionic compounds consider table 1 when answering the following questions. Identifying and comparing properties of ionic and covalent. For the interactive pdf, adobe reader is required for full functionality. Drawing dot and cross covalent bonding diagrams docx.
Binary covalent compounds will contain only two types of nonmetal elements. Bonds form by the attraction between the positive nucleus of one atom and the negative electrons of another atom. At room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, covalent compounds may exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas, whereas ionic compounds exist only as solids. The bonds are considered ionic when the ionic character is bigger than the covalent one, i. Comparison of properties of ionic and covalent compounds because of the nature of ionic and covalent bonds, the materials produced by those bonds tend to have quite different macroscopic properties. Sugar, on the other hand, is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and has covalent bonds. Ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, and nonpolar covalent. This does not mean there are two atoms, but two types of atoms, so al 2 s 3 is a binary ionic compound. Writing formulas for ionic compounds naming ionic and covalent compounds vsepr theory, molecular shape, polarity. Some ionic bonds contain covalent characteristics and some covalent bonds are partially ionic. What does the second element do with its electrons. These cootie catchers are a great way for students to have fun while practicing their skills with naming ionic and covalent compounds. For example, a water molecule is a chemical bond of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
When atoms connect with other atoms, they are said to have a chemical bond. Ionic and covalent bonds are the two extremes of bonding. Understanding the rules of nomenclature becomes increasingly important in organic chemistry, because there are millions of organic compounds. Compounds can be categorized as ionic or covalent depending on the type of bond present within the compound. Ceramics ceramic materials are non metallic inorganic compounds formed from metallic al, mg, na, ti, w or semi metallic. Ionic bonds are electrostatic in nature, resulting from that attraction of positive and negative ions that. A cuo ionic b bbr 3 nonpolar covalent c ccl 4 polar covalent d kcl ionic e if nonpolar covalent 1 85 which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched. Ionic compounds consist of ionic bonds that arise from the electrostatic magnetic attraction between ions charged species. How to play and assembly instructions are included. Salt is made up of sodium and chloride and is ionically bonded. Comparison of properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between. Ionic compounds in a liquid state or dissolved in water can conduct electricity ions are free to move an aqueous solution of an ionic compound that conducts electricity is called an electrolyte.
Covalent bonds can also exist solely between two atoms of the same element, such as oxygen gas, nitrogen gas or chlorine. Elements that have a tendency to accept electron to form negatively charged ions or anions are called non metals. In a typical ionic solid, positively charged ions are surrounded by negatively charged ions and viceversa. Use the chart to help you compare ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
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